حسنیه وحیدی اصیل

: U.S.-Israel Relations and Their Economic Dimensions (۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۵) The relationship between the United States and Israel is considered one of the most significant and enduring strategic alliances in U.S. foreign policy, encompassing political, military, and economic dimensions. This relationship entered a new phase after the terrorist attacks of September ۱۱, ۲۰۰۱, influenced by global, regional, and domestic developments. Economically, the annual multi-billion-dollar aid from the U.S. to Israel, primarily in the form of military and economic assistance, stands out as a hallmark of this partnership. Initiated decades ago, this aid has experienced fluctuations during the period under study (۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۵), shaped by various factors, including U.S. domestic politics, Middle Eastern developments, and shifts in the international system. The September ۱۱ attacks marked a turning point in U.S. foreign policy, intensifying focus on Middle Eastern security. In this context, Israel, as a key U.S. ally in the region, benefited from increased economic support. For instance, in the early ۲۰۰۰s, economic aid to Israel was boosted to strengthen its defense capabilities. However, the ۲۰۰۸ global financial crisis put pressure on the U.S. budget, sparking debates about reducing foreign aid, including to Israel. Despite these discussions, reductions were not fully implemented, underscoring the strategic importance of this relationship. In the ۲۰۱۰s, events such as the Arab Spring and escalating tensions between Iran and Israel impacted this relationship. The Arab Spring, by creating regional instability, highlighted Israel’s role as a stable anchor in the Middle East, encouraging the U.S. to sustain its economic support. Additionally, Iran’s nuclear program and mutual threats between Tehran and Tel Aviv provided a rationale for increased U.S. military-economic aid to Israel. In recent years (up to March ۲۰۲۵), new issues such as the global energy crisis, climate change, and the policies of the Biden administration have influenced this relationship. For example, an emphasis on renewable energy may affect bilateral economic cooperation. Despite these changes, continuity in economic relations remains notable. Israel continues to be one of the largest recipients of U.S. foreign aid, and this economic dependence has remained a cornerstone of bilateral cooperation. Beyond aid, trade agreements and financial collaborations also form part of this relationship, though they have received less scholarly attention. Previous research has primarily focused on the political and military aspects of this alliance, with less emphasis on economic analysis, particularly for the ۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۵ period. This research gap underscores the need for the present study. This study seeks to address the following questions: What factors have driven changes in U.S.-Israel economic relations from ۲۰۰۱ to ۲۰۲۵? Which aspects of this relationship have remained consistent? And how can trends through the end of ۲۰۲۵ be predicted? The significance of this topic is heightened from the perspective of U.S. foreign policy analysis and Middle Eastern dynamics. Iran, as a key regional actor, is indirectly entangled with this relationship, and understanding it can contribute to analyzing regional policy. Drawing on data available up to March ۲۰۲۵ and forecasting trends, this study aims to provide a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective.