مهدی محمدسعیدبیگی

The thesis argues that deliberate and unintentional external influences have played significant roles in advancing non-liberal democratic political rule in the Post-Soviet region. It specifically focuses on Russia's influence in strengthening Belarus' authoritarian regime through various means. The thesis identifies four key external factors through which Russia has achieved this:

۱. Diffusion of ideas and norms: Russia has actively promoted and disseminated authoritarian ideas and norms within the region, influencing Belarus' political landscape. This can include sharing strategies and tactics for maintaining authoritarian control and suppressing dissent.

۲. Use of economic and cultural power: Russia has utilized its economic and cultural influence to bolster Belarus' authoritarian rule. Economic assistance, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges can create dependencies and foster closer ties between the two countries, making Belarus more reliant on Russia's support.

۳. Strategic use of hard power: Although minimal, Russia has strategically employed hard power in certain instances to reinforce authoritarianism in Belarus. This can involve military cooperation, security partnerships, or even direct intervention to protect the interests of the authoritarian regime.

۴. Development of regional organizations: Russia has played a role in establishing and developing regional organizations that support and maintain authoritarian rule. These organizations can provide a platform for authoritarian leaders to exchange ideas, coordinate policies, and collectively resist pressures for democratization.

The thesis argues that these external influences have contributed to the consolidation and entrenchment of Belarus' authoritarian regime. It examines their impact on various aspects, such as the regime's strength, management of political contestation, use of coercion, containment of civil society, and degree of legitimacy. By analyzing these factors, the thesis demonstrates how Russia has reinforced authoritarianism in Belarus.Furthermore, the thesis suggests that Russia has also strengthened its own autocracy through  "regional authoritarian learning."  y observing and engaging with authoritarian practices in neighboring countries, Russia has adapted and implemented strategies to bolster its own authoritarian system.

Keywords:  Authoritarian Gravity Center, Russia, Belarus, Authoritarian Diffusion and Promotion.