فاطمه رافع

Abstract

Protest is a written, scientific or oral expression of opposition to political or social events, which may be individual or group demonstrations. On the other hand, rioting is an action with violence that occurs by individuals against the ruling system of any group and always brings disorder and insecurity with it. The Islamic Republic of Iran has experienced many protests in the last three decades. The protests of the students of Tehran University which took place in July ۲۰۱۸ in protest against the banning of Salam newspaper, may be considered one of the first street protests in the mentioned period. The protests of ۱۳۸۸ following the ۱۰th presidential election was another example of these protests, which, of course, led to disturbances. After that, the voices of the protest of the financial and credit institution losers in ۱۳۹۶ were heard from the streets of Mashhad; Protests that were repeated in the country in November ۱۳۹۸ after the increase in the price of gasoline. The protests of ۱۴۰۱ were formed after the death of Mahsa Amini, a ۲۲-year-old Kurdish girl who came to Tehran from Saqqez and died after a clash with the Irshad patrol. These protests started on the ۲۶th of Shahrivar ۱۴۰۱ with a protest gathering in front of Kasra Hospital in Tehran where Mahsa Amini was admitted for treatment, and in the following days these protests spread to other cities and provinces of Iran. This issue had many representations in the domestic and foreign press and each of them dealt with this issue from their own point of view. In this research, we will discuss the representation of Iran's ۱۴۰۱ protests in the domestic newspapers of the country, and for this purpose, we will analyze the content of the ۱۴۰۱ protests in the newspapers of Hammihan, Etemad, Keyhan, and Iran in the period from the last week of Shahrivar ۱۴۰۱ to the end of Azar ۱۴۰۱. To conduct this research, we use the quantitative content analysis method. Based on the findings of this research, the way of representing the protests of ۱۴۰۱ in the investigated newspapers is different. Also, the news styles used, news formats, highlighted elements in the headline and lead, news sources and news values ??used by these newspapers in representing these protests are different from each other. In addition, according to the findings of this research, the bias of these four newspapers in representing the ۱۴۰۱ protests is also different. Also, considering that the theoretical framework of this research was the framing theory, on this basis and relying on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in each of the investigated newspapers, different aspects of the events related to the ۱۴۰۱ protests have been represented.

Keywords: press - newspaper - ۱۴۰۱ protests - representation