سارا آرمین فر

  Energy consumption as an important production factor can play a significant role in economic growth. Therefore, examining the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, especially in economic sectors, is very important. Showing this relationship helps to clarify the policies of the country’s energy sector. Therefore, understanding the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy that has been given attention in recent years. Here, the important issue that arises is that increasing economic growth requires more energy as the driving force for the production of goods and services. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors affecting the energy-growth relationship. In today’s world, side problems caused by the ever-increasing expansion of industry have caused irreparable damage to human life and other living beings. One of these problems is environmental pollution due to the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal. Unfortunately, the use of these energy carriers is associated with the spread of pollutants in the environment and causes the destruction of the environment and endangering the lives of living beings and humans. Another important concern of experts is the finiteness of energy sources, especially fossil energy. Due to the finiteness of fossil energies and the depletion of these energy resources, one should think about replacing other production inputs with energy carriers or replacing energy carriers with each other. In this study, we seek to investigate the substitutive or complementary relationship between production inputs and energy, and to investigate the substitutive or complementary relationship between energy carriers with each other in different industries of Iran, separated by ISIC code. This research was carried out in the period of ۲۰۰۷ to ۲۰۱۸ using panel data and seemingly unrelated equations technique. The model is estimated in two modes: ۱) total energy consumption as an explanatory variable, ۲) energy consumption by carriers. The results show that in the first case, Allen’s elasticity of substitution between energy and labour is ۱.۴۲ and energy and labour input have a substitution relationship with each other and these two inputs can be replaced together. According to the results obtained from the second case, there is a substitution relationship between the fossil fuels used in this research and electric energy, and these energy carriers can be replaced with each other. Key words: Energy Carriers, Industry Sector, Seemingly Unrelated Regression, Price Elasticity of Demand