فهیمه ثری

The reflections of Muslim philosophers on complex theoretical issues provide a context that can be used to answer many questions. However, it seems that in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the teachings of the Islamic philosophical tradition, we need more than anything to reconsider the way we read these teachings. A central theme of this research is the existence of ambiguities and challenges that arise about the nature and extent of knowledge in the fields of empirical sciences. The main question is whether the "path to knowledge" regarding various subjects must go through the channel of definitive proof or whether other methods can also provide knowledge? In fact, the issue is that science is the result of experience, which is always accompanied by a degree of logical uncertainty. How can it be justified and what validity does it have in the overall system of knowledge?

In this dissertation, we attempt to answer the aforementioned questions by looking at the philosophical legacy of Allameh Tabataba'i and the views of Shahid Sadr on induction. Allameh Tabataba'i is a philosopher who has attempted to reconstruct the traditional system of Sadr'i wisdom with a realistic approach, and Shahid Sadr is a novel thinker who has analyzed issues such as induction and the philosophy of science with unparalleled precision. Combining and adapting these two perspectives can lead to the creation of a comprehensive epistemological framework in which rationality and experience both have a worthy place. This dissertation aims to review and criticize the views of these two thinkers on the "path to knowledge" based on a library study and an analytical-descriptive method, and to answer some questions with a different perspective

The results of this study show that Shahid Sadr's theory on induction is compatible with Allama Tabataba'i's theory on achieving certainty in material judgments through conjecture. Another result of this thesis is that, considering the principles of Allama Tabataba'i and Shahid Sadr, we cannot be satisfied with the theory of correspondence in all levels of science regarding the criterion of truth, and it is necessary to consider another principle, especially regarding the empirical sciences that are obtained through induction; a principle that both Sadr and Allama adhere to. Also, regarding the criterion of justification, we must say that these two thinkers clearly adhere to the theory of foundationalism and consider the foundation of all human knowledge in axioms